Phonemic Awareness and the Teaching of Reading
Some useful activities to improve phonemic awareness. Starting with the easiest skill and moving to the more difficult skills:
Phoneme isolation-
which requires recognizing the individual sounds in words, for example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word paste" (/p/).
Phoneme identity-
which requires recognizing the individual sounds in words, for example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word paste" (/p/).
Phoneme substitution-
in which one can turn a word (such as "cat") into another (such as "hat") by substituting one phoneme (such as /h/) for another (/k/). Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (cat-hat), middle sounds (cat-cut) or ending sounds (cat-can).
Oral segmenting-
The teacher says a word, for example, "ball," and students say the individual sounds, /b/, /ɑ/, and /l/.
Oral blending-
The teacher says each sound, for example, "/b/, /ɑ/, /l/" and students respond with the word, "ball."
Sound deletion-
The teacher says word, for example, "bill," has students repeat it, and then instructs students to repeat the word without a sound.
Onset-rime manipulation-
which requires isolation, identification, segmentation, blending, or deletion of onsets (the single consonant or blend that precedes the vowel and following consonants), for example, j-ump, st-op, str-ong.
(Resource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_awareness)
Other great references:
